Agilent 5991-3776EN Achieving Accurate E-band Power Measurement with Keysight E8486A Waveguide Power Sensors free download

File name 5991-3776EN Achieving Accurate E-band Power Measurement with Keysight E8486A Waveguide Power Sensors

Keysight Technologies Achieving Accurate E-band Power Measurements with E8486A Waveguide Power Sensors Application Note Introduction The 60 to 90 GHz spectrum, or E-band, has been gaining more millimeter wave (mm-wave) application interest in the recent years. There are a few reasons for this. The E-band has no or little license governance for frequency bands of 60 GHz, and 70 to 80 GHz. These spectrums have wider usable bandwidth and are hence able to handle super high speed communication transmissions. E-band products also require smaller antennas, Figure 1. Waveguide to coaxial adaptors making the overall product designs and packaging more interesting--as well as challenging. Among the applications for E-band are high-speed mobile backhaul, point-to-point radio communication, automotive radar for collision avoidance and car safety, and the 802.11ad or WiGig communication standard. In most cases, the E-band mm-wave devices or modules in the applications mentioned above have either a WR-12 waveguide or 1-mm coaxial connector, particularly on the output path of the transmitter or power amplifier. For high-power mm-wave applications, waveguides are commonly used since they provide better transmission with low loss and good shielding. When measuring the RF power from these devices using power meters and sensors, the connectors on the power sensors must be selected correctly in order to reduce the mismatch measurement uncertainty. For example, if a device under test (DUT) has a WR-12 connector test port, using a direct termination of WR-12 connector power sensor is preferred. However, frequently the measurement is obtained using a power sensor that has something other than a WR-12 connector (such as a WR-10 or WR-15 connector, or a 1-mm coaxial) and an adaptor or taper must be used. This configuration increases the mismatch measurement uncertainty (shown in Figure 1). Using mm-wave power measurement application examples, this paper illustrates the flexibility of using the Keysight Technologies, Inc. E8486A waveguide power sensor with a WR-12 test port to obtain more reliable and accurate measurements. E-band mobile backhaul transceiver power measurement With the increasing demand for ultra-high data rates for LTE Advanced and other emerging wireless technologies, mobile backhaul has been moving into the E-band spectrum in recent years. The point-to-point (P2P) communication link in E-band handles the high data capacity requirement and has fewer licensing restrictions. Figure 2 shows a P2P transceiver module which is typically mounted on top of high rise buildings or antenna structures. Figure 2. P2P transceiver modules (photography One of the transceiver module's key measurement parameters is t